1254 Totally Explained

Everything about 1254 totally explained

Years: 1251 1252 1253 - 1254 - 1255 1256 1257
Decades: 1220s 1230s 1240s - 1250s - 1260s 1270s 1280s
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

Events

Europe

War and politics

October 10 - Edward Plantagenet marries Eleanor of Castile. His father Henry III had demanded the marriage in exchange for ending the war with her brother Alfonso X of Castile.
December 2 - Manfred of Sicily defeats the army of Pope Innocent IV at Foggia.
King Louis IX of France, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade (which he'd conducted first in Egypt and then Syria) and returns to France.
King Louis IX of France expels all Jews from France.
King Afonso III of Portugal holds the first session of the Cortes (Portugal's general assembly composed of nobles, members of the middle class, and representatives from all municipalities) in Leiria.
In England, an important step in the evolution of the Parliament and Peerage occurs, as lesser barons are replaced on the King's Council by elected representatives from shires and cities.
Pope Innocent IV excommunicates Conrad IV of Germany and Rudolph I of Germany (later elected Holy Roman Emperor).
The Ghibelline town of Pistoia is taken over by Guelph Florence.

Culture

The Danish city of Copenhagen receives its city charter.

The Horses of Saint Mark, once supposed to have adorned the Arch of Trajan in ancient Rome, are installed at Saint Mark's Basilica in Venice.

The Swedish city of Malmö is founded.

Construction is begun on the Cathedral of Saint Martin in Utrecht.

Religion

December 12 - Pope Alexander IV succeeds Pope Innocent IV as the 181st pope.

The Catholic dogma of purgatory is clarified and so named by the Catholic Church.

Asia

Battle of Adrianople: The Byzantines defeat Bulgaria.

The classic Japanese text Kokin Chomonjo is completed.

The Mongols destroy Nanzhao kingdom in modern Yunnan.

The Mongols enslave 200,000 Koreans and take them away.

Births

September 15 - Marco Polo, Italian explorer (d. 1324)

Floris V, Count of Holland (d. 1296)

Zhao Mengfu, Chinese scholar, painter and calligrapher (d. 1322)

Ren Renfa, Chinese painter

Deaths

May 21 - Conrad IV of Germany (b. 1228)

November 3 - John III Ducas Vatatzes, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1193)

December 7 - Pope Innocent IV

William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (b. 1193)

Silvester de Everdon, English bishop

Further Information

Get more info on '1254'.

External Link Exchanges

Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:

<a href="http://1254.totallyexplained.com">1254 Totally Explained</a>

Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned.